Diagnóstico e tratamento de granuloma periférico de células gigantes em mandíbula - relato de caso / Diagnosis and treatment of peripheral granuloma of giant cell in the jaw - case report

O granuloma periférico de células gigantes (GPCG) é uma lesão hiperplásica benigna causada por trauma local ou trauma crônico. Origina-se do ligamento periodontal ou mucoperiósteo. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um caso de GPCG em mandíbula tratada com sucesso através de excisão cirúrgica, curetagem e ostectomia periférica.

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a benign hyperplastic lesion caused by local trauma or chronic trauma. It originates from the periodontal ligament or mucoperiosteum. The objective of this work is to present a case of PGCG in the mandible successfully treated through surgical excision, curettage and peripheral ostectomy.

Granuloma piógeno oral recurrente con pérdida ósea alveolar y movilidad dentaria: Reporte de un caso inusual / Granuloma piogênico oral recorrente com perda óssea alveolar e mobilidade dental: Relato de um caso incomum / Recurrent oral pyogenic granuloma with alveolar bone loss and tooth mobility: report of an unusual case

Resumen El granuloma piógeno oral es una lesión benigna multifactorial, caracterizada por presentarse como un agrandamiento gingival muy vascularizado. Se puede localizar en cualquier área de la cavidad oral, con más frecuencia en la encía marginal vestibular. Se presenta con mayor incidencia en mujeres adultas y en niños varones. No suele comprometer tejido óseo ni dientes y su tratamiento más seguro es la exéresis quirúrgica, siendo el riesgo de recurrencia alto. El objetivo del presente estudio es reportar el caso de una paciente de 9 años de edad, que fue sometida a la exéresis de un granuloma piogénico oral en el hueso maxilar y al año siguiente presentó una recurrencia de la lesión con pérdida ósea alveolar y movilidad de un diente adyacente. Se le realizó una biopsia y un curetaje minucioso, confirmándose el diagnostico de granuloma piogénico oral.

Resumo O granuloma piogênico oral é uma lesão multifatorial benigna, caracterizada por apresentarse como um aumento gengival altamente vascularizado. Pode estar localizado em qualquer área da cavidade oral, mais frequentemente na gengiva marginal vestibular. Ocorre com maior incidência em mulheres adultas e em crianças do sexo masculino. Geralmente não compromete o tecido ósseo ou os dentes e seu tratamento mais seguro é a escisão cirúrgica, sendo alto o risco de recorrência. O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar o caso de uma paciente de 9 anos de idade, submetida a escisão de granuloma piogênico oral no maxilar e no ano seguinte apresentou uma recorrência da lesão com perda óssea alveolar e a mobilidade de umo de seus dentes adjacentes. Uma biópsia e uma curetagem completa foram realizadas, confirmando o diagnóstico de granuloma piogênico oral.

Abstract Oral pyogenic granuloma is a benign multifactorial lesion that appears as a highly vascular gingival enlargement. It can be located anywhere in the oral cavity, most often in the vestibular marginal gingiva. It occurs most frequently in adult women and male children. It does not usually compromise bone tissue or teeth; its safest treatment is surgical excision, with a high recurrence risk. This study aims to report the case of a 9-year-old female patient who underwent oral pyogenic granuloma excision in the maxilla. The following year, she presented a possible lesion recurrence with alveolar bone loss and the mobility of an adjacent tooth. A biopsy and thorough curettage were performed, confirming the diagnosis of oral pyogenic granuloma.

Granuloma Periférico de Células Gigantes e Hiperparatiroidismo. Presentación de un Caso / Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma and Hyperparathyroidism. Case Report

RESUMEN: Se presenta el caso de un paciente sexo femenino 31 años, insuficienciente renal crónica en hemodiálisis, hipertensa secundaria, consulta por aumento de volumen oral en relación a encía marginal vestibular izquierda, 6 meses de evolución. Al examen se observa aumento de volumen de 15 mm en relación a piezas. 3.6 y 3.7. Radiografía muestra compromiso periodontal pieza 3.7. Se realiza biopsia excisional y exodoncia pieza 3.7. Histopatología informa granuloma periférico de células gigantes. Se solicitan exámenes de laboratorio para estudio de hiperparatiroidismo (PTH elevada, calcemia fosfatemia normales). Evoluciona favorablemente. Sin signos de recidiva a los 3 meses. El diagnóstico histopatológico de lesión de células gigantes debe ser complementado con la clínica, exámenes de laboratorio e imagenología, el objetivo final es definir si tal diagnóstico corresponde a un tumor pardo, a un granuloma central de células gigantes o a un granuloma periférico de células gigantes. En la literatura los reportes de asociación entre granuloma periférico de células gigantes e hiperparatiroidismo son escasos. Este caso corresponde a granuloma periférico células gigantes, asociado a hipersecreción de paratohormona.

ABSTRACT: A 31-year-old female patient with chronic renal insufficiency in hemodialysis and secondary hypertension consulted due to an enlarging intraoral lesion in relation to the left marginal vestibular gingival, with 6 months of evolution. A 15mm mass in relation to mandibular left molars was noted. Radiograph showed periodontal involvement of mandibular left second molar. Excisional biopsy and tooth 3.7 extraction were performed. Histopathology reported a peripheral giant cell granuloma. Laboratory tests were requested for suspected hyperparathyroidism (aiding in the diagnosis) (high PTH, normal phosphatemia and calcemia). Evolution was favorable, without signs of reappearance after 3 months. The histopathological diagnosis of giant cell lesions should be complemented with clinical, laboratory and imaging tests. The final objective is to make the differential diagnosis between brown tumor, central giant cell granuloma and peripheral giant cell granuloma because the treatment varies considerably. There are few reports in the literature about the association between peripheral giant cell granuloma and hyperparathyroidism. This case corresponds to peripheral giant cell granuloma, possibly associated with parathormone hypersecretion.

Cross-Sectional Study of Mandibular Canal Branching in Regions Affected by Dental Inflammation with Cone Beam Computed Tomography / Estudio Transversal de la Ramificación del Canal Mandibular en Regiones Afectadas por Inflamación Dental con Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of mandibular canal alterations in regions with dental inflammation by means of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). A database of 2,484 CBCTs was reviewed for identifying dental inflammation in mandibular alveolar ridges. The final sample consisted of 150 CBCTs, including 91 females and 59 males, with ages ranging from 13 to 89 years (mean age of 47.06; ± SD=18.722). The presence and location of dental inflammation, gender, age, as well as presence and location of mandibular canal branching (MCB) were evaluated. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi-square, and T-test were applied to verify the statistical relationship of the data. There were 178 images of dental inflammation on 150 CBCTs, mainly located at molars' region (75 %). Apical lesions were the most common type of dental inflammation found (79 or 44.4 % of the sample), followed by pericoronitis (32; 18.0 %). This study identified 135 mandibular canal branches in the exams that presented dental inflammation. The MCB were also most commonly located at molars' region (74.07 %). No statistical difference was identified regarding the distribution of mandibular canal branching in relation to the sites with dental inflammation (p=0.370).The MCB found were mostly single (86 or 63.7 % of the total). Sex had no influence on mandibular canal branching occurrence (p=0.308), not did age (p=0.728). A high prevalence of mandibular canal branching was observed in the regions where dental inflammation were identified, most commonly found in the molar region.

RESUMEN: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la ocurrencia de ramificación del canal mandibular (RCM) en regiones con inflamación dental mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC). Se revisó una base de datos de 2.484 TCHC para identificar la inflamación dental en las crestas alveolares mandibulares. La muestra final consistió en 150 TCHC, incluidas 91 mujeres y 59 hombres, con edades comprendidas entre 13 y 89 años (edad media de 47,06 ± DE = 18,722). Se evaluaron el sexo, la edad, la presencia y la ubicación de la inflamación dental, así como la presencia y ubicación de RCM. KolmogorovSmirnov, Chi-cuadrado y prueba-T se aplicaron para verificar la relación estadística de los datos. Hubo 178 imágenes de inflamación dental en 150 TCHC, ubicados principalmente en la región de los molares (75 %). Las lesiones apicales fueron el tipo más común de inflamación dental encontrada (79 o 44,4 % de la muestra), seguidas por pericoronitis (32; 18,0 %). Este estudio identificó 135 ramas del canal mandibular en las regiones que presentaron inflamación dental. El RCM también se localizó con mayor frecuencia en la región de los molares (74,07 %). No se identificaron diferencias estadísticas con respecto a la distribución de la ramificación del canal mandibular en relación con los sitios con inflamación dental (p = 0,370). Las RCM encontrados fueron en su mayoría solteros (86 o 63,7 % del total). El sexo no tuvo influencia en la ocurrencia de la ramificación del canal mandibular (p = 0,308), no la edad (p = 0,728). Se observó una alta prevalencia de ramificación del canal mandibular en las regiones donde se identificó la inflamación dental, que se encuentra con mayor frecuencia en la región molar.

Granuloma periférico de células gigantes: revisión de 87 casos / Peripheral giant-cell granuloma: a review of 87 cases

El granuloma periférico de células gigantes (GPCG) es una hiperplasiareactiva que se presenta sólo en la encía como respuesta a una irritación local o trauma crónico, sin predilección de género y edad variable. Objetivo: Identifi car las características demográfi cas e histopatológicas de 87 casos de GPCG en un servicio privado de patología bucal. Metodología: Se obtuvieron los datos de edad, género y diagnóstico clínico de 87 casos de GPCG. Se analizó la distribución por género y edad. Los cortes histológicos fueron examinados para confirmar el diagnóstico en 84 casos, ya que tres no presentaron las características del GPCG. Las características histopatológicas que se evaluaron fueron la presencia de estroma hipercelular, infi ltrado infl amatorio crónico, hemorragia, hemosiderina, tejidos mineralizados y úlcera. Resultados: De los 87 casos, tres fueron descartados por no corresponder al diagnóstico. En un periodo de 10 años se recibieron 6,696 biopsias, de las cuales 84 (1.2 por ciento) correspondieron a GPCG. Se presentó en un rango de edad de cinco a 90 años, con una media de edad de 42 años (± 19.9), siendomás frecuente en la quinta década de la vida y mostró predilección por el género femenino (58.5 por ciento). En los cortes histológicos se observó un estroma hipercelular con células de forma ovoide o fusiforme y células gigantes multinucleadas tipo osteoclasto, infi ltrado inflamatorio(66 por ciento), hemorragia (85 por ciento), hemosiderina (20 por ciento), tejidos mineralizados (11.9 por ciento) y úlcera (25 por ciento). Conclusión: El GPCG es una lesión exofítica reactiva de la encía que presenta características demográficas variables y que al examen microscópico se distingue por tener células gigantes multinucleadas tipo osteoclasto, además de otros componentes como tejidos mineralizados.

The peripheral giant-cell granuloma (PGCG) is a reactive hyperplasiathat occurs only in the gum, in response to local irritation orchronic trauma, with no predilection for either age or sex. Objective:To identify the demographic and histopathological characteristics of87 cases of PGCG in a private oral pathology service. Methodology:Data on the age, gender, and clinical diagnosis of 87 cases of PGCGwere obtained, which were analyzed to determine the distributionby sex and age. Histological sections were examined to confirm thediagnosis in 84 of the cases (three did not present any characteristicsof PGCG). The histopathologic features were evaluated for the presence of hypercellular stroma, chronic infl ammatory infi ltrate,hemorrhaging, hemosiderin, mineralized tissues, and ulcers. Results: of the 87 cases, 3 were eliminated as they did not match the requireddiagnosis. Over a 10-year period, 6,696 biopsies were received bythe pathology service, of which 84 (1.2%) were of PGCG. This was presented in patients ranging from 5 to 90 years old, the mean agebeing 42 years (± 19.9); it occurred most frequently in the 5th decadeof life and showed a predilection for females (58.5%). In the histologicsections, a hypercellular stroma with ovoid or fusiform cellsand multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells was observed, as wellas infl ammatory infi ltrate (66%), hemorrhaging (85%), hemosiderin(20%), mineralized tissues (11.9%), and ulcers (25%). Conclusion:The PGCG is a reactive exophytic lesion of the gingiva that presentsvariable demographic features and which, under microscopic examination, is distinguished by multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, and other components as mineralized tissues.

Tumor central de células gigantes en mandíbula: reporte de un caso clínico / Central giant-cell tumor of the jaw: report of a clinical case

Las lesiones de células gigantes son un grupo de diversas patologías de etiología desconocida, poco entendidas y que representan un reto para el diagnóstico, por el hecho de presentar características clínicas e histológicas semejantes. En este grupo están: tumor de células gigantes, granuloma central de células gigantes, granuloma periféricode células gigantes, tumor pardo del hiperparatiroidismo, querubismo y quiste óseo aneurismático. A seguir, describiremos un caso de tumor de células gigantes en el hueso mandibular removido a través de procedimiento quirúrgico. Paciente del género femenino de 27 años, raza blanca, se presentó al Servicio de Cirugía y Traumatología del Hospital Escuela ®José Francisco de San Martín¼, en diciembre de 2013, reclamando hinchazón en la región anterior de maxilar inferior. Radiográficamente de observó lesión osteolítica con pérdida total de hueso de la zona basal en la región anterior, a nivel de la sínfisis mentoniana, que abarcaba desde la pieza dentaria 45 a 34. Se optó por realizar una biopsia incisional, obteniendo de esta forma el diagnóstico definitivo y así se pudo realizar posteriormente el procedimientoquirúrgico correspondiente. A partir de los resultados de la biopsia con los aspectos radiográfi cos en las diferentes etapas de la lesión, concluimos que se trataba de un caso de tumor central de células gigantes. Es prudente la realización de una biopsia incisional para el diagnóstico histopatológico defi nitivo de determinadas lesiones parala ejecución de un plan de tratamiento correcto y seguro...

Congenital epulides: A rare case report.

Congenital epulis (CE) or “Granular cell epulis” also previously termed as “Neumann’s tumor” is a benign growth arising from the mucosa of the gingiva, typically seen as a mass protruding from the infant’s mouth, often interfering with respiration and feeding. These tumors generally present as a single mass arising from the upper alveolus. We report a rare case of two congenital epulides arising from the maxillary and mandibular alveolus in a day old female infant, which was surgically excised, allowing for early initiation of breast feeding. The tumor cells stained negative for S100 protein hence differentiating from other granular cell tumors. The clinical presentation, differential diagnosis in regard to the various neonatal oral swellings and the management of CE has been discussed.

Central giant cell granuloma of the mandibular condyle: case-report

This case report describes a 19-year-old female patient with a central giant cell granuloma in the left mandibular condyle, treated with en bloc resection and reconstruction with fibula graft. This occurrence is considered very unusual.

Granuloma actínico / Actinic granuloma

El granuloma actínico es una rara afección de la piel que se desarrolla en general en áreas expuestas al sol. Su patogénesis no es clara.La teoría más aceptada es la implicancia de la radiación solar como factor disparador. Típicamente la enfermedad se presenta en individuos mayores de 30 años con historia de exposición solar. Se manifiesta con lesiones anulares de bordes elevados y atrofia central,asintomáticas, con poca tendencia a la involución. Se han probado múltiples terapéuticas con éxito variado. Esta entidad poco frecuente fue descripta por primera vez en 1975 por O`Brien. Presentamos dos pacientes con granuloma actínico. El primero correspondió a una mujer de 83 años de edad con una lesión en pómulo izquierdo. El segundo a un varón de 70 años con una gran lesión que se extendía desde el epigastrio hasta las clavículas.

Actinic granuloma is a rare skin disorder usually developing uponsun-exposed areas. While its pathogenesis is unclear, the acceptedhypothesis maintains that solar radiation is the triggering factor.Typically the disease develops in individuals over 30 years of age witha history of sun exposure, showing annular lesions with raised bordersand central atrophy, asymptomatic, with little tendency to regression.Multiple therapies have been tested with variable response. Thisuncommon entity was described for the first time in 1975 by O’Brien.We present two patients with actinic granuloma. The first onecorresponded to an 83 years-old woman with a lesion on the leftcheek. The second one was a 70 years-old male with a large lesion thatextended from the epigastrium to the collar bones.

Granuloma reparativo periférico de células gigantes: presentación de un caso / Reparative granuloma peripheral giant cell: a case presentation

El granuloma reparativo periférico de células gigantes es una lesión exofística de la cavidad oral que se origina a partir del periostio o la membrana periodontal tras una irritación o trauma crónico local. Se presenta el caso de una mujer blanca de 43 años, con antecedente de salud aparente, que acude a consulta de Cirugía Maxilo Facial por presentar aumento de volumen en región anteroinferior y suelo de la boca. Se realizan exámenes complementarios. La paciente es operada con anestesia local. La evolución es satisfactoria.

The reparative granuloma peripheral giant cell is an exophytic injury of oral cavity originating from the periosteum or periodontal membrane following by a local or chronic irritation trauma. A case of 43 years old white woman is presented, with a history of apparent health, was attended in Maxillofacial Surgery Office for presenting volume increase in anteroinferior area and mouth floor. Additional tests are performed. The patient was operated under local anesthesia. The evolution is satisfactory.

Metastatic lung malignancy to mandibular gingiva.

Metastatic tumors of oral cavity are uncommon and may occur in oral soft tissues or jaw bones. Because of their rarity, metastasis to oral cavity are challenging to diagnose and difficult to treat. They often have vague symptoms that mimic dental infections. These lesions generally show poorly differentiated histopathologic picture and have poor prognosis. We reported a case of a 40-year-old male patient of metastatic lesion to the oral cavity and brain with primary tumor, diagnosed as an undifferentiated epithelial malignancy of lung.

Granuloma reparativo de células gigantes agresivo en región mandibular / Aggressive giant cells reparative granulomas in mandibular region

El granuloma reparativo de células gigantes (GRCG) es un proceso reactivo agresivo, que aparece con mayor frecuencia en los sectores anteriores de la mandíbula y el maxilar, en niños y adolecentes jóvenes. Constituye el 1 por ciento de las lesiones óseas tumorales. Existe una considerable controversia acerca de si son lesiones benignas o reactivas; también desde el punto de vista de su origen, de sus características clínicas e histológicas, así como su terapéutica. En octubre de 2007 acudió un caso a consulta externa de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario Juan M Márquez, con una lesión diagnosticada como GRCG agresivo, la cual provocó gran deformidad facial y osteólisis del cuerpo mandibular. Se realizaron exámenes físicos, complementarios e iconopatográfico. Se ejecutó tratamiento quirúrgico y análisis de la pieza. La paciente no tuvo alteraciones estéticas ni funcionales. Hubo ausencia de recidiva, luego de 30 meses de seguimiento. Se revisó la literatura más reciente en los sitios Med Line, Lilac, Google, con las palabras clave granuloma reparativo de células gigantes, en inglés y español, para comparar nuestros procederes y resultados con otros reportes(AU)

The giant cells reparative granulomas (GCRG) is a reactive and aggressive process appearing more frequently in anterior sector of mandible and maxilla in children and young adolescents accounting for the 1 percent of tumor bone lesions. There is a considerable controversy if they are benign or reactive lesions from the point of view of its origin, from its clinical and histological features as well as therapeutical. This is the case of a patient seen in external consultation of Maxillofacial Surgery of the Juán Manuel Márquez Children and University Hospital at October, 2007 in whom an extent lesion diagnosed as an aggressive GCRG provoked a facial deformity and osteolysis of mandibular body. Complementary, physical and iconopathographic examinations were made as well as surgical treatment and analysis of this sample. Patient has neither aesthetic alterations nor functional. There was no relapse after 30 months of follow-up. We made a review of more update literature in Med Line, Lilac and Google websites with the giant cells reparative granulomas as key words in English and Spanish languages, to compare our procedures and results with other reports(AU)

Peripheral giant cell granuloma and peripheral ossifying fibroma in children: two case reports

The aim of this study was to present the clinical and histopathological evaluation of reactive gingival lesions, such as peripheral giant cell granuloma [PGCG] and peripheral ossifying fibroma [POF], as exemplified in two cases. A 12- and a 13-year-old girl were referred to the Department of Pedodontics, both complaining of a painless swelling mass. After histopathological evaluation, the lesions were diagnosed as PGCG and POE. These gingival enlargements were totally resected after adequate clinical and radiological examinations. No recurrence has occurred in the 1-year follow-up period. These cases show that without histopathological evaluation, these two lesions could have been misdiagnosed due to their similarity in appearance. Early detection and treatment of these lesions are important to reduce bone loss or displacement of dental germs or teeth

Expressão imuno-histoquímica dos fatores de reabsorção óssea em lesões centrais e periféricas de células gigantes / Immunohistochemical expression of bone resorption factors in central and peripheral lesions of giant cells

As Lesões de Células Gigantes, tanto as Lesões Centrais (LCCG) quanto as Periféricas (LPCG), correspondem a um grupo de lesões orais que apresentam-se histologicamente semelhantes, porém demonstram um comportamento clínico variável. O propósito deste estudo foi comparar a expressão imuno-histoquímica dos fatores de reabsorção óssea RANK (Receptor Ativador do Fator Nuclear kappa B), RANKL (Ligante do Receptor Ativador do Fator Nuclear kappa B) e OPG (Osteoprotegerina) entre LCCG e LPCG. Adicionalmente, esses fatores foram analisados nas LCCG quanto à agressividade destas. A amostra consistiu de 61 casos, sendo 30 casos de LPCG e 31 de LCCG (16 não-agressivos e 15 agressivos). A análise foi realizada por meio da quantificação das células mononucleadas (MO) e células gigantes multinucleadas (CG) imunopositivas aos anticorpos anti-RANK, anti-RANKL e anti-OPG, em 10 campos. Além disso, de acordo com a proporção entre quantidade total de células positivas para RANKL e para OPG, os casos foram categorizados em: RANKL>OPG, OPG>RANKL e RANKL=OPG. As LCCG apresentaram maior quantidade de MO (p=0,002) e células totais (p=0,003) positivas para RANKL, em comparação com as LPCG. As LCCG ainda revelaram uma associação significativa com a proporção de RANKL>OPG (p=0,001). A análise dos fatores de reabsorção óssea não revelou diferenças significativas entre LCCG agressivas e não-agressivas (p>0,05). Foi constatada correlação positiva dos marcadores entre si, bem como uma correlação negativa entre o tamanho das lesões e a quantidade de MO (p=0,004) e células totais (p=0,009) positivas para OPG. Diante desses resultados, concluise que o maior potencial reabsortivo das LCCG frente às LPCG pode ser decorrente da elevada expressão de RANKL. Além disso, as diferenças nos comportamentos biológicos de LCCG agressivas e não-agressivas parecem não estar relacionadas com a expressão desses fatores de reabsorção óssea.

The Giant Cell Lesions, both the Central Giant Cells Lesions (CGCL) as the Peripheral Giant Cells Lesions (PGCL), correspond to a group of oral lesions that are histologically similar entities; however they show a variable clinical behaviour. The purpose of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of bone resorption factors RANK (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa B), RANKL (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa B Ligand) and OPG (Osteoprotegerin) between CGCL and PGCL. Additionally, these bone resorption factors were examined in terms of aggressiveness of these lesions. The sample consisted of 61 cases, 30 cases of PGCL and 31 CGCL (16 non-aggressive and 15 aggressive). The analysis was performed by quantification of mononuclear cells (MO) and giant multinucleated cells (CG) immunopositive to anti-RANK, anti-RANKL and anti-OPG antibodies in 10 fields. Moreover, according to the proportion between the amount of cells positive for RANKL and OPG, the cases were categorized into: RANKL>OPG, OPG>RANKL e RANKL=OPG. CGCL showed a higher amount of MO (p=0.002) and total cells (p=0.003) both positives to RANKL compared with the PGCL. Additionally, the CGCL revealed a significant association with the ratio of RANKL>OPG (p=0.001). Analysis of the bone resorption factors revealed no significant differences between aggressive and non-aggressive CGCL (p>0.05). It was observed a positive correlation between the markers themselves, and a negative correlation between lesion size and quantity of OPG positive MO cells (p=0,004) and total cells (p=0,009). Through these results, we suggest that the greatest CGCL resorptive potential compared to the PGCL, may have occurred to the high expression of RANKL. Furthermore differences in the biological behavior of aggressive and non-aggressive CGCL appear to be related to the expression of these bone resorption factors.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de un granuloma central agresivo de células gigantes del maxilar superior / Central giant cell granuloma of maxilla: surgical treatment

Si bien es una lesión benigna, el granuloma central de células gigantes puede provocar erosión ósea y asimetría facial. Se describe el tratamiento quirúrgico exitoso de una lesión de estas características ubicada en el maxilar superior.

Granuloma reparativo periférico de células gigantes: a propósito de un caso / Peripheral giant cell reparative granuloma: a case report

El granuloma reparativo periférico de células gigantes es una lesión tumoral benigna que aparece como respuesta exuberante de los tejidos ante una agresión local. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de la raza negra de 34 años de edad que acude a la consulta de cirugía máxilo-facial con un aumento de volumen en el reborde alveolar superior derecho. Se realizan exámenes de laboratorio y radiográficos. La paciente es operada bajo anestesia general donde se realiza la excéresis de la lesión y examen histopatológico de la pieza. El informe del departamento de anatomía patológica corrobora el diagnóstico presuntivo de granuloma reparativo periférico de células gigantes. La evolución de la paciente fue satisfactoria.

The peripheral giant cell reparative granuloma is a benign tumor that appears as an exuberant response of tissue in the face of a local aggression. A case of a black woman of 34 years of age that goes to the maxillofacial doctor’s office with an increase of volume in the right superior alveolar rim is presented. X-ray examinations of laboratory are carried out. The patient is operated under general anaesthesia. The exeresis of the injury and histopathologic exam of the piece are done. The report of the department of pathological anatomy corroborates the presumptive diagnosis of peripheral giant cell reparative granuloma. The evolution of the patient was satisfactory.

Lesão periférica de células gigantes em mucosa palatina / Giant cell peripheral granuloma in palatinal mucosa

São conhecidas diversas lesões que apresentam particular predileção pelo periodonto. A lesão periférica de células gigantes é um processo proliferativo reacional não neoplásico, apresentando-se relativamente freqüente na clínica estomatológica, podendo atingir dimensão variada e, subseqüentemente necessidades terapêuticas particulares. O propósito deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de uma paciente que apresentou uma lesão de tamanho avançado, localizada em mucosa palatina de prémolares e molares, na qual dificultou a fonação e a deglutição. A lesão foi removida pela exérese cirúrgica e o diagnóstico foi lesão periférica de células gigantes. Foram discutidas as características clínicas e histopatológicas, incidência e freqüência, diagnóstico diferencial, etiopatogênese, modalidades de tratamento e prognóstico.

Many lesions with periodontal predilection are known. The giant cell peripheral granuloma is a reaction proliferative process, non neoplasic, that is relatively frequent in stomatologic clinic, can arrive variable size and, subsequently, needs particulary therapeutic. The purpose of this work is to report a patient case that show an advanced size lesion, localized in palatine mucous of molar and premolar teeth that complicated deglutition and phonation. The lesion was removed by surgical excision and the diagnosis was giant cell peripheral granuloma. Clinical and histopatological characteristics, incidence and frequency, differential diagnosis, etiopathogenesis, therapeutic modalities and follow-up were discussed.

Avaliação da agressividade da lesão de células gigantes periférica da cavidade bucal através de estudo histoquímico-imunohistoquímico / Evaluation of the aggressiveness of peripheral giant cell lesion of the oral cavity by means of a hystochemical-immunohystochemical study

Objetivo: Estudar a agressividade da lesão de células gigantes periférica (LCGP) através de um estudo histoquímico e imunohistoquímico. Metodologia: Foram revisados os arquivos da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba (FOA-UNESP) e da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de Passo Fundo (FOUPF), tendo sido obtidos 181 casos de LCGP, dos quais 61 preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade. Primeiramente, graduou-se a agressividade das LCGPs, que foram distribuídas em três grupos de estudo com base em achados clínicos e radiográficos. Em seguida, os cortes histológicos das 61 LCGPs, corados por H.E., foram analisados para confirmação diagnóstica. Posteriormente, investigou-se a proliferação celular de 15 casos de LCGPs através de contagem e aferição da área de AgNORs (regiões de organização nucleolar) e avaliação da imunoexpressão dos marcadores PCNA, Ki-67 e p53. Resultados: Não se constatou diferença na área das AgNORs e na expressão do PCNA entre as LCGPs dos três grupos estudados, e o p53 não foi efetivo na imunomarcação das lesões analisadas. Notou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa no número de AgNORs e na expressão do Ki-67 entre os grupos estudados. Conclusão: Os resultados de AgNOR e Ki-67 sugerem que a agressividade clínicoradiográfica das LCGPs pode ser relacionada com sua atividade proliferativa celular.

Purpose: To study the aggressiveness of peripheral giant cell lesion (PGCL) using hystochemical-immunohystochemical analysis. Methods: The archives of the Dental School of Araçatuba (FOA-UNESP) and the University of Passo Fundo Dental School (FOUPF) were searched. A total of 181 PGCL cases were retrieved, and 61 met the study eligibility criteria. Firstly, the PGCL aggressiveness was graded, and the lesions were distributed into three groups based on clinical and radiographic findings. The 61 LCGPs hystopathological samples were colored by H.E. and analyzed for diagnostic confirmation. Afterwards, the cellular proliferation of 15 PGCLs cases was investigated by means of counting and calibrating of AgNORs (nucleolar organizer regions) area and evaluation of the immunoexpression of PCNA, Ki-67, and p53 markers. Results: No difference was found for AgNOR area and PCNA expression among PGCLs of the three studied groups, and p53 was not an effective immunomarker of the analyzed lesions. There was a statistically significant difference of AgNORs number and Ki-67 expression among the three groups. Conclusion: The AgNOR and Ki-67 results suggest that the PGCL clinical-radiographic aggressiveness can be related to its cellular proliferative activity.